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SUMMARY:20 years of X-ray refractive optics: Status and New opportunities 
 for diffraction limited X-ray sources.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20160705T032000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20160705T040000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260419T051026Z
UID:indico-contribution-1152@indico.inp.nsk.su
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anatoly Snigirev (Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal Unive
 rsity)\nAfter the first successful experimental demonstration 20 years ago
  [1]\, the use of X-ray refractive optics has rapidly expanded and they ar
 e now in common use at 15 synchrotrons in 10 countries. This development h
 as intensified after the successful implementation of transfocators - tuna
 ble devices based on refractive lenses [2]. In addition to traditional mic
 ro-focusing applications\, the transfocators can provide the following bea
 m conditioning functions in the energy range from 3 to 100 (200) keV:\n-  
   condensers with a tunable beam size\, \n-    micro-radian collimators \,
  \n-    low-band pass filters - monochromator [2] \n-    high harmonics re
 jecters [3] \nNew advanced parameters of the beam provided by the diffract
 ion limited sources – XFELs and new synchrotrons with the reduced horizo
 ntal emittance will open up a unique opportunity to build up a new concept
  for the loss-free beam transport and conditioning systems based on in-lin
 e refractive optics.  Taking an advantage of the substantially reduced hor
 izontal source size and the beam divergence these new systems integrated i
 nto the front-end can transfer the photon beam almost without losses from 
 the front-end to any further secondary optical systems (mirrors\, crystals
 \, lenses etc.) or directly to the end-stations. Evidently\, beamlines wil
 l benefit from the possibility to include active moveable lens systems in 
 the front-ends. In this regard\, development of diamond refractive optics 
 is crucial [4\,5]. The implementation of the lens-based beam transport con
 cept will significantly simplify the layout of majority of the new beamlin
 es [6]. It will also allow a smooth beamlines transition from the present 
 beam parameters to the upgraded ones\, avoiding major optics modifications
  [7]. \nThe field of applications of refractive optics is not limited to b
 eam conditioning\, but can be extended into the area of Fourier optics\, a
 s well as coherent diffraction and imaging techniques [8-12]. Using the in
 trinsic property of the refractive lens as a Fourier transformer\, the coh
 erent diffraction microscopy and high resolution diffraction methods have 
 been proposed to study 3-D structures of semiconductor crystals and mesosc
 opic materials [12–14].\nAnother promising direction of refractive optic
 s development is in-line X-ray interferometry. Recently proposed bi- and m
 ulti-lens interferometers can generate an interference field with a variab
 le period ranging from tens of nanometers to tens of micrometers [15\,16].
  This simple way to create an X-ray standing wave in paraxial geometry ope
 ns up the opportunity to develop new X-ray interferometry techniques to st
 udy natural and advanced man-made nano-scale materials\, such as self-orga
 nized bio-systems\, photonic and colloidal crystals\, and nano-electronics
  materials. As a classical interferometer it can be used for phase contras
 t imaging and radiography. Finally it can be useful for the coherence char
 acterization of the X-rays sources and free electron lasers.\n\nReferences
 \n[1] A. Snigirev\, V. Kohn\, I. Snigireva\, B. Lengeler\, Nature\, 384 (1
 996) 49. \n[2] G.B.M. Vaughan\, J.P. Wright\, A. Bytchkov et al\, J. Synch
 rotron Rad.\, 18 (2011) 125.\n[3] M. Polikarpov\, I. Snigireva\, A. Snigir
 ev\, J. Synchrotron Rad.\, 21\, (2014) 484.\n[4] M. Polikarpov\, I. Snigir
 eva\, J. Morse et al\, J. Synchrotron Rad.\, 22 (2015) 23.\n[5] 11. S. Ter
 entyev\, V. Blank\, S. Polyakovet al\, Appl. Phys. Let.\, 107 (2015) 11110
 8.\n[6] M. W. Bowler\, D. Nurizzo\, R. Barrett et al\, J. Synchrotron. Rad
 .\, 22 (2015) 1540.\n[7] Orange Book “ESRF Upgrade programme Phase II 92
 015-2022)\, Technical Design Study”\, G. Admans\, P. Berkvens\, A. Kapro
 lat\, J.L. Revol\, eds.\, (2014).\n[8] V. Kohn\, I. Snigireva\, A. Snigire
 v\, Opt. Comm.\, 216 (2003) 247. \n[9] M. Drakopoulos\, A. Snigirev\, I. S
 nigirev et al\, Appl. Phys. Lett.\, 86 (2005) 014102.\n[10] P. Ershov\, S.
  Kuznetsov\, I. Snigireva et al\, Appl. Cryst. 46 (2013) 1475.\n[11] H. Si
 mons\, A. King\, W. Ludwig et al\, Nature Communications\, 6 (2015) 6098.\
 n[12] A. Bosak\, I. Snigireva\, K. Napolskii\, A. Snigirev\, Adv. Mater.\,
  22 (2010) 3256.\n[13] D. V. Byelov\, J.-M. Meijer\,  I. Snigireva et al\,
  RSC Advances\, 3 (2013) 15670.V. \n[14] Kohn\, I. Snigireva\, A. Snigirev
 \, J. Synchrotron Rad.\, 21 (2014) 729.\n[15] A. Snigirev\, I. Snigireva\,
  V. Kohn et al\, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 064801.\n[16] A. Snigirev\, I
 . Snigireva\, M. Lyubomirskiy\, V. Kohn\, V. Yunkin\, and S. Kuznetsov\, O
 ptics express\, 22(21) (2014) 25842.\n\nhttps://indico.inp.nsk.su/event/3/
 contributions/1152/
LOCATION:Budker INP Conference Hall
URL:https://indico.inp.nsk.su/event/3/contributions/1152/
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