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SUMMARY:DIAMOND REFRACTIVE LENSES FOR DIFFRACTION-LIMITED X-RAY SOURCES
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20160707T082000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20160707T084000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260615T172754Z
UID:indico-contribution-1227@indico.inp.nsk.su
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Maxim Polikarpov (IKBFU)\nAn intensive development o
 f X-ray refractive optics’ instrumentation and tools has given birth to 
 X-ray refractive lenses [1] which are now standard elements at third-gener
 ation synchrotron radiation sources. In view of the global switch to the f
 ourth generation of synchrotron sources and X-ray Free Electron Lasers\, t
 here is a growing need for x-ray optical elements fabricated from material
 s that can withstand extreme heat and radiation loads while still providin
 g effective focusing and imaging. Diamond can satisfy all the requirements
  provided that a suitable lens manufacturing technology is available. \n\n
 In our research [2]\, for the first time single crystal diamond planar ref
 ractive lenses  were fabricated by laser micromachining in up to 1.2 mm th
 ick diamond plates which were grown by CVD and HPHT. Various linear lenses
  with apertures up to 1mm and radii of the parabola apex up to 500µm were
  manufactured and investigated with SEM\, AFM\, Raman spectroscopy and\, o
 f course\, X-ray tests at the ESRF ID06 beamline. X-ray focusing showed th
 e high quality of the lens’s side walls and profile allowing to focus th
 e X-radiation in accordance with the lens demagnification factor. \nPlanar
  lenses were followed by 2D parabolic X-ray refractive half lenses\, which
  were also manufactured by laser micro-machining of single-crystal diamond
 . A single 2D lens had an aperture of 1 mm and parabola apex radii of 200 
 µm. Forming a compound refractive lens with 24 single lenses within\, it 
 has been successfully tested in the focusing and imaging modes both at the
  APS source [3] and at the laboratory setups using Cu Kα X-radiation from
  the rotating anode generator and microfocus MetalJet X-ray tube with a li
 quid-gallium jet as the anode using Ga Ka line. The lens has successfully 
 reproduced the triangular object with the theoretical demagnification whil
 e the focusing of the 20 µm source was performed with the small deviation
  from the theoretical value. \n\nThe present study demonstrated that laser
  micro-fabrication technology provides a straight forward method for the f
 abrication of single-crystal diamond refractive lenses with large acceptan
 ce and high shape and surface (peak-to-valley roughness ~ 1µm) quality. U
 nique optical properties of diamond single-crystal lenses (the refractive 
 index decrement\, δ\, in diamond is double that of beryllium) coupled wit
 h its excellent thermal qualities (high thermal conductivity and shock res
 istance\; low thermal expansion coefficient\; high temperature stability) 
 allow them to be applied as focusing\, imaging and beam-conditioning eleme
 nts at high-heat flux beams of today and future X-ray sources.\n\n**Refere
 nces**\n\n 1. Snigirev\, A.\, et al.\, A compound refractive lens for focu
 sing high-energy X-rays. Nature\, 1996. 384(6604): p. 49-51.\n 2. Polikarp
 ov\, M.\, et al.\, Large-acceptance diamond planar refractive lenses manuf
 actured by laser cutting. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation\, 2015. 22(1): 
 p. 23-28.\n 3. Terentyev\, S.\, et al.\, Parabolic single-crystal diamond 
 lenses for coherent x-ray imaging. Applied Physics Letters\, 2015. 107(11)
 : p. 111108.\n\nhttps://indico.inp.nsk.su/event/3/contributions/1227/
LOCATION:Budker INP Conference Hall
URL:https://indico.inp.nsk.su/event/3/contributions/1227/
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